SDSN Researchers Dr. Serik Orazgaliyev and Dr. Aliya Sembayeva contributed to the writing of the 4^th Production Gap Report published by the UNEP. This is the fourth edition of the Production Gap Report, which tracks the misalignment between governments’ planned fossil fuel production and global production levels consistent with limiting global warming to 1.5°C or 2°C. The report also provides individual country profiles for 20 major fossil-fuel-producing countries, evaluating governments’ latest climate ambitions and their plans, policies, and strategies that support fossil fuel production or the transition away from it.